An Italian document discloses that the Italian 81-mm mortar ammunition
in actual use varies considerably in weight. At least as a partial remedy, a
system of weight markings has been devised. The weight markings appear
halfway up the ogive of the mortar shells as follows:
0 (less than 1 percent above or below the standard weight)
0+ (between 1 and 4 percent greater than the standard weight)
0‡ (between 4 and 7 percent greater than the standard weight)
-0 (between 1 and 4 percent less than the standard weight)
=0 (between 4 and 7 percent less than the standard weight)
The standard weight is also marked on the shell.