[Webmaster Note: The following division information is reproduced
from the public domain publication, The Army Almanac: A Book of
Facts Concerning the Army of the United States, U.S. Government Printing Office,
1950. Portions of the information may be out of date. Only minor formatting changes and
typographical corrections have been made.]
World War I
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Activated: August 1917 (National Guard Divisions, the
personnel of which were drawn from 26 States and the District of Columbia).
Overseas: November 1917.
Major operations: Champagne-Marne, St. Mihiel, Meuse-Argonne.
Days of combat: 264.
Casualties: Total - 14,683 (KIA - 2,058; WIA - 12,625).
Commanders: Maj. Gen. W. A. Mann (5 September 1917),
Maj. Gen. Charles T. Menoher (19 December 1917),
Brig. Gen. Douglas MacArthur (10 November 1918),
Maj. Gen. C. A. F. Flagler (22 November 1918).
The 42nd Division was not organized as a National Guard division after World War I.
World War II
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Activated: 14 July 1943 (An AUS not National Guard Division).
Overseas: November 1944.
Campaigns: Rhineland, Central Europe.
Days of combat: 106.
Distinguished Unit Citations: 1.
Awards: MH-1; DSC-4; DSM-1; SS-622; LM-9; SM-32; BSM-5,325; AM-104.
Commanders: Maj. Gen. Henry J. Collins commanded the Division during its
entire period of Federal service in World War II.
Inactivated: 29 June 1946 in Europe.
Combat Chronicle
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The three regiments and a detachment of the Division Headquarters arrived in France
at Marseilles, 8-9 December 1944, and were formed into a Task Force Unden, under the
Assistant Division Commander. Assigned to VI Corps, Seventh Army, the Task Force entered
combat in the vicinity of Strasbourg, relieving elements of the 36th Infantry Division,
24 December 1944. Defending a 31-mile sector along the Rhine, north and south of
Strasbourg, the Task Force repulsed a number of enemy counterattacks, at Hatten
and elsewhere. After throwing back an enemy attack, 24-26 January 1945, Task Force
Linden returned to Seventh Army Reserve and trained with the remainder of the
Division which had arrived meanwhile. On 14 February 1945, the Division entered
combat as a whole, taking up defensive positions near Haguenau in the Hardt
Mountains. After a month of extensive patrolling and active defense, the 42nd
went on the offensive, attacking through the Hardt Mountains, broke through the
Siegfried Line, 15-21 March, cleared Dahn and Busenberg, and mopped up in that
general area, while the Third Army created and expanded bridgeheads across the
Rhine. Moving across the Rhine, 31 March, the 42nd captured Wertheim, 1 April,
and Wurzburg, 2-6 April, after a fierce battle. Schweinfurt fell next after
hand-to-hand engagements, 9-12 April. Furth, near Nurnberg, put up fanatical
resistance, but was taken, 18-19 April, by the Division. On the 25th, the 42nd
captured Donauworth on the Danube, and on the 29th liberated some 30,000 inmates
at Dachau, most notorious of the Nazi concentration camps. Passing through
Munich, 30 April, it cut across the Austrian border north of Salzburg, 5 May,
as the war in Europe ended.
Assignments in the ETO
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10 December 1944: Seventh Army, 6th Army Group. // 15 December 1944: Third Army,
12th Army Group. // 24 December 1944: VI Corps, Seventh Army, 6th Army
Group. // 25 March 1945: XXI Corps. // 19 April 1945: XV Corps.
General
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Nickname: Rainbow Division:
Shoulder patch: A rainbow.
Publication: Americans All; by Brig. Gen. Henry J. Reilly - History World War I;
Rainbow Division; by unit members; Army & Navy Publishing Co., Baton
Rouge, La.; 1947.
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