Paragraph
General   ......................................................................................................		59
Firing tables   .................................................................................................		60
Classification   ...............................................................................................		61
Authorized rounds   ......................................................................................		62
Preparation for firing   ...................................................................................		63
Description of rounds   .................................................................................		64
Fuzes   ..........................................................................................................		65
Packing   ......................................................................................................		66
Interchangeability of ammunition items   .........................................................		67
Tropical ammunition   ....................................................................................		68
Precautions in handling captured ammunition   ...............................................		69
Care, handling, and preservation   ..................................................................		70
Field report of accidents   ...............................................................................		71
German abbreviations and terminology of ammunition items   ..........................		72

59. GENERAL.

a. Ammunition for the German 88-mm antiaircraft gun is similar to U.S. fixed 90-mm rounds (fig. 70). However, the German 88-mm rounds may be identified, as described in paragraph 64, by markings and appearance. The 88-mm multipurpose (8.8 cm. Flak 36), the 8.8 cm. Pak, and the 8.8 cm. Flak 18 guns are chambered alike and may use the same ammunition.

Figure 70 — Comparison of German 88-mm Armor-piercing Round, German 88-mm High-explosive Round, and U.S. 90-mm High-explosive Round with Time Fuze

60. FIRING TABLES.

a. These are not available, except for the range table for firing the armor-piercing projectile in paragraph 64.

61. CLASSIFICATION.

a. The German 88-mm gun ammunition is classified according to type of projectile (Granate, Gr.) as high-explosive or armor-piercing. The high-explosive shell (Sprenggranate, Sprgr.) contains a relatively large charge of high explosive and any one of the following types of point fuzes:

(1) Combination superquick and delay fuze.

(2) Inertia-operated mechanical time fuze.

(3) Spring-wound mechanical time fuze.

NOTE: The armor-piercing projectile (Panzergranate, Pzgr.) is provided with an armor-piercing cap, to aid in penetration of armor plate, and a windshield, to improve the ballistic properties. It contains a relatively small explosive charge and a base-detonating fuze, having a tracer element in its base.

62. AUTHORIZED ROUNDS.

a. The following rounds may be found for use in the German 88-mm guns.

TABLE I. GERMAN 88-MM ROUNDS

Nomenclature of Complete Round*		Action of Fuze		Weight of Projectile as Fired (Pounds)		Muzzle Velocity (Feet per Second)
8.8 cm. Sprgr. Patr. L/4.5 (kz.) m. Zt. Z. S/30 (8.8 cm. fixed H.E. shell, with spring-wound mechanical time fuze)		Time (30 sec.)		20.06		2,690
8.8 cm. Sprgr. Patr. L/4.5 (kz.) m. Zt. Z. S/30 Fg1 (8.8 cm. fixed H.E. shell, with inertia-operated mechanical time fuze)		Time (30 sec.)		20.06		2,690
8.8 cm. Sprgr. Patr. L/4.5 (kz.) m. A.Z. 23/28 (8.8 cm. fixed H.E. shell, with percussion fuze)		Superquick or delay (0.11 sec.)		20.34		2,690
8.8 cm. Pzgr. Patr. m. Bd. Z. (8.8 cm. fixed A.P.C. shell, with base-detonating fuze)		Nondelay		20.71		2,657
*For an explanation of German abbreviations, see paragraph 72.

63. PREPARATION FOR FIRING.

a. Complete rounds, when they have been removed from their packing containers (par. 66), and their fuzes properly adjusted, are ready for firing.

b. Should it be necessary to fuze or unfuze projectiles, authorized personnel only will do this work. A spanner wrench labeled "A.Z. 23 and Zt. Z. S/30" should be used if available. The fuze setter for "A.Z. 23 and Zt. Z. S/30" may also be used to screw and unscrew fuzes.

c. Fuzes are adjusted for the desired action as described in paragraph 65.

64. DESCRIPTION OF ROUNDS.

a. General. The components of a complete round of German 88-mm ammunition are shown in figure 71. A comparison of the 88-mm armor-piercing and high-explosive complete rounds with a U.S. 90-mm high-explosive round is illustrated in figure 70. The double rotating band on the German 88-mm projectiles immediately distinguishes these from the U.S. round, as does the double 360-degree crimps of the cartridge case to the projectile. Markings and labels on shipping containers and crates (par. 66, figs. 77 and 78) serve as a means of identification. Further identification may be made by means of markings on the ammunition as described in subparagraph b, below, and is illustrated in figures 72 and 73.

Figure 71 — Components of German 88-mm High-explosive Complete Round

Figure 72 — German 88-mm Cartridge Case, Showing Stenciled Markings

Figure 73 — German 88-mm Cartridge Cases — Base End Views

b. Identification.

(1) GENERAL. The following identification markings may be found on projectiles. These markings may vary, dependent upon the particular lots found in the field. German abbreviations and terminology, and their English equivalents are given in paragraph 72.

(2) ON THE PROJECTILE. Armor-piercing projectiles are painted black above the rotating bands; high-explosive projectiles are painted yellow. In addition, the following markings may be present:

(a) Weight-zone Marking (Gewichtsklasse). The weight-zone marking is a roman numeral in black. The numeral "III" generally indicates "standard" weight; no weight corrections in the firing tables are necessary in firing shells which are in weight-zone III.

(b) Shell Number. In the case of 88-mm shell, the number 28.

(c) Date of assembly and manufacturer's initials or symbol.

(d) A number indicating type of high-explosive filler, for example: "1" indicates TNT; "2" indicates picric acid. Other number designations will be found in paragraph 72.

(e) Abbreviations denoting type of shell, for example:

1. Tp (Tropen), for the tropics.

2. Ub (Ubung), practice.

3. Nb (Nebel), smoke.

(3) ON THE SIDE OF THE CARTRIDGE CASE. Markings on the side wall of the cartridge case are shown in figure 72. Their English equivalents are given in Table II.

(4) ON THE BASE OF THE CARTRIDGE CASE. The principle marking for identification on the base of the cartridge case is the number "6347," which appears on all the cartridge cases of the German 88-mm complete rounds. For other markings, see figure 73. It will be noted that the primer design marking is "C/12nA St." The caliber and model of the gun may also appear on the base, for example, "8.8 cm. Flak. 18."

TABLE II. MARKINGS ON SIDE OF CARTRIDGE CASE

German Marking		English Equivalent
2.700 kg.		2,700 kilograms
Digl. R.P.—8 (495-5, 4/2.75)		Diglycol powder, number (grain size)
tgl. 41 P		Manufacturer, date, delivery number
Lu. 14, 5.41 K.		Manufacturer, date, work mark
P.T. plus 25 C (in red)		Powder temperature (pulvertemperatur), plus 25 C

c. 8.8 cm. Sprgr. Patr. L/4.5 (kz.) m. Zt. Z. S/30 (8.8 cm. High-explosive Fixed Shell, with Spring-wound Mechanical Time Fuze).

(1) COMPLETE ROUND. This complete round, illustrated in figure 70, consists of cartridge case No. 6347, containing the primer and propelling charge, crimped to a high-explosive projectile which is fuzed with a 30-second spring-wound mechanical time fuze. It is identified as indicated in subparagraph b, above. The complete round weighs 31.69 pounds and is 36.69 inches in length. The maximum horizontal range is 16,200 yards, the vertical range being 32,500 feet. Muzzle velocity and weight of projectile are given in Table I. Packing of this round is described in paragraph 66.

(2) PROJECTILE. The two rotating bands on the projectile are fashioned from powdered iron impregnated with wax. The German high-explosive projectiles differ from those of U.S. manufacture, in that a base plug is screwed into the base. A lead gasket seals the base assembly against possible penetration of the hot gases of the exploded propellant. The German projectile has a square base and is 15.55 inches in length. The bursting charge consists of 2.19 pounds of TNT or 40/60 amatol.

(3) PREPARATION FOR FIRING. This round is ready for firing when removed from its packing, except that the mechanical time fuze must be set as described in paragraph 65.

d. 8.8 cm. Sprgr. Patr. L/4.5 (kz.) m. Zt. Z. 5/30 Fg¹ (8.8 cm. Fixed High-explosive Shell with Inertia-operated Mechanical Time Fuze). This complete round is the same as the fixed high-explosive round described in subparagraph c, above, except for the time fuze, which functions by different means. However, the timing of the fuze for this round is also 30 seconds. See paragraph 65 for description of fuzes.

e. 8.8 cm. Sprgr. Patr. L/4.5 (kz.) m. A.Z. 23/28 (8.8 cm. Fixed High-explosive Shell, with Percussion Fuze). This complete round is the same as the fixed high-explosive round described in subparagraph c, above, except for the fuze, which is a combination superquick and delay (0.11 second) fuze similar in action and setting to the U.S. FUZE, P.D., M48, or FUZE, P.D., M51. See paragraph 65 for description of fuzes. This complete round weighs 32 pounds, the weight of the projectile being 20.34 pounds.

f. 8.8 cm. Pzgr. m. Bd. Z. (8.8 cm. Fixed Armor-piercing Capped Shell, with Base-detonating Fuze).

(1) COMPLETE ROUND. This complete round, illustrated in figure 70, consists of cartridge case No. 6347, containing the primer and propelling charge, crimped to an armor-piercing projectile which contains a high-explosive filler, base-detonating fuze, and a tracer. It is identified as indicated in subparagraph b, above. The complete round weighs 32.74 pounds and is 34.21 inches in length. Muzzle velocity and weight of projectile are given in Table I. Packing of this round is described in paragraph 66.

(2) PROJECTILE. The two rotating bands are bimetallic, being composed of copper electroplated on an iron band. Another type of rotating band may be of ductile iron. The projectile contains a bursting charge of TNT which is approximately 1.8 percent of the total weight of projectile. Weight of the tracer composition is 13 grams. The windshield is attached to the armor-piercing cap by spot welding at 12 places. The projectile has a square base and is 14.49 inches in length. The fuze is described in paragraph 65.

(3) PENETRATION AGAINST HOMOGENEOUS ARMOR PLATE.

TABLE III. PENETRATION DATA OF A.P.C. PROJECTILE AGAINST HOMOGENEOUS PLATE

Range in Yards		Thickness of Plate in Inches
		Normal Impact		Impact at 30 Degrees
500		5.07		4.33
1,000		4.68		3.97
1,500		4.33		3.62
2,000		3.93		3.30

(a) In addition to Table III above, the armor-piercing ammunition is effective against smaller concrete emplacements, particularly if they have exposed perpendicular walls. Eight well-grouped armor-piercing shells at 800-meter (8.75-yd) range is sufficient to penetrate 2 meters (2.2 yds) of reinforced concrete.

(4) PREPARATION FOR FIRING. This round is ready for firing when removed from its packing.

65. FUZES.

a. General. The point fuzes used with the German 88-mm high explosive shells consist of the following:

Zt. Z. S/30		Time fuze (30-second) with spring-wound action
Zt. Z. S/30 Fg1		Time fuze (30-second) with inertia-operated action
A.Z. 23/ 28		Percussion fuze, superquick or delay (0.11 second) action

(1) These fuzes, and their markings, are shown in figures 74 and  75. With the armor-piercing capped shell, a base-detonating (Bodenzunder, Bd. Z.) fuze is used. It appears that none of these fuzes are boresafe. The diameter over the threads of the point fuzes is 1.96 inch, and the pitch of the threads is 3-mm or 0.12 inch.

CAUTION: Fuzes will not be disassembled. Any attempt to disassemble fuzes in the field is dangerous, and is prohibited except under specific directions from the Chief of Ordnance.

Figure 74 — Spring-wound Time, Percussion, and Inertia-operated Time Fuzes for German 88-mm High-explosive Shell — View Showing Setter Grooves and Selector Element

Figure 75 — Spring-wound Time, Percussion, and Inertia-operated Time Fuzes for German 88-mm High-explosive Shell — View Showing Fuze Markings

b. German Fuzes, Zt. Z. S/30 and Zt. Z. S/30 Fg¹.

(1) DESCRIPTION. These fuzes, shown in figures 74 and 75, are 30-second time fuzes. These do not have impact elements. It will be noted that there are no graduations on the time ring. For use, the fuze must be set by means of the fuze setter provided. The zero setting of the fuze is "recess over recess;" on the fuze setter, the indicator (arrow) is at zero. The fuze setter is set at the fuze setting found in the firing table and the fuze is then set as described in chapter 4, section III. A time-safety feature in the fuze prevents time action below 2 seconds of flight. The Zt. Z. S/30 has a spring-wound mechanical time mechanism, whereas the Zt. Z. S/30 Fg¹ has an inertia-operated mechanical time mechanism similar to U.S. FUZE, time, mechanical, M43.

(2) PREPARATION FOR FIRING. The fuzes are prepared for firing as described in subparagraph b (1), above. Fuzes which have been set on rounds prepared for firing but not fired, must be reset at zero. This resetting is accomplished in the same manner as in setting, but with the fuze setter indicator at zero.

c. German Fuze, A.Z. 23/28.

(1) DESCRIPTION. This fuze, shown in figures 74 and 75, is similar to the A.Z. 23 used with the German 105-mm howitzer high-explosive shell. The number "28" apparently identifies this fuze for use with German 88-mm shell. The fuze contains two actions, superquick (ohne versögerung, O.V.) and delay (mit versögerung, M.V.). Although both actions are initiated on impact, the functioning of the shell depends upon the setting of the selector of the fuze. Unlike the U.S. FUZE, P.D., M48, it should be noted that there is only one firing pin; should this fail, the projectile will become a dud. However, it appears that the firing assembly is more sensitive to impact than the U.S. FUZE, P.D., M48. Also, unlike the Fuze M48, the German fuze, is not a boresafe fuze. As shipped, the fuze is set for superquick action; that is, the slot on the setting sleeve of the selector is parallel to the axis of the fuze and is thus alined with the registration line marked "O." To set the fuze for delay action, the slotted setting sleeve is turned 90 degrees so that the slot is alined with the line marked "M" on one side of the setting sleeve and with "V" on the other side. The delay action is provided by a delay pellet of 0.11 second delay. The setting may be changed at will with a screwdriver or with "SETTING KEY A.Z. 23" (Stellschlüssel Für A.Z. 23) at any time before firing. This can be done even in the dark by noting the position of the slot. The slot is parallel to the fuze axis for superquick ("O") action, or at right angles thereto for delay action ("M" and "V"). Figure 76 illustrates the internal parts of the fuze.

Figure 76 — German A.Z. 23 Fuze — Sectional View

(2) PREPARATION FOR FIRING. As shipped, the fuze is ready for firing with superquick action. To set the fuze for delay action, the setting sleeve is turned with the setting key or screwdriver, as described in step (1), above, through 90 degrees so that the slot on the setting sleeve is alined with the letters "M" and "V." Fuzes which have not been fired should be reset to superquick or "O.V." The slot will then be in line with "O."

d. German Base-detonating Fuze. Bd. Z. This fuze which is assembled in the base of the armor-piercing capped projectile, is a nondelay type. The fuze mechanism is standard for use with other caliber armor-piercing projectiles, such as in the German 7.5 cm., 8.8 cm., and 10.5 cm. rounds. However, the body of the fuze differs depending upon the caliber. The complete fuze weighs 2.18 pounds. The tracer assembly is threaded into the base of the fuze body and the detonator assembly is threaded into the forward portion. The safety feature consists of five brass safety blocks, which are held in the unarmed position by a flat, circular spring, and which engage the shoulder of the primer housing to restrain it against forward movement. Upon rotation of the projectile, centrifugal force causes the safety blocks to move outward against the flat spring, thereby arming the fuze. Upon impact, the primer moves forward, impinging the primer against the firing pin. The resulting primer flame passes into a retaining jet which directs the gases into the detonator initiating the charge. It is believed that a short delay is obtained through the plunger action of the primer assembly and also by retardation of the gases by the jet, which prevents the gases from functioning the detonator until considerable pressure has been developed.

66. PACKING.

a. General. German 88-mm rounds are packed in individual sealed steel containers (fig. 77) particularly for use in the tropics or three per wicker basket (fig. 78).

Figure 77 — 1-Round Metal Container for German 88-mm Round

b. Steel Containers. The steel container (fig. 77) is hermetically sealed by a rubber gasket under a removable steel cover. As shipped with one complete round, it weighs approximately 47 pounds and its calculated volume is approximately 2.2 cubic feet. It is painted a slate gray color. Two tags are pasted on the cover.

(1) One tag of black paper is printed with white ink as follows:

(2) The other tag of white paper is printed in red as follows:

(a) The cover is constructed of several parts arranged so that when the cover is placed in position against the two hooks, and its handle is turned in a clockwise direction, pressure is applied to a rubber gasket between the cover and container body to effect a seal. A hair felt disk is used as a cushion between the head of the cartridge case and the cover.

c. Wicker-type Container. The wicker-type container (fig. 78) contains three rounds. A metal cover is held in place by a leather strap. The base is also of metal. Round rubber stops at the bottom of the container protect the fuzes against jarring. The rest of the container is of wood and wicker construction. The dimensions of the container are 38½ by 14¾ by 5½ inches.

Figure 78 — 3-Round Wicker-type Container for German 88-mm Rounds

67. INTERCHANGEABILITY OF AMMUNITION ITEMS.

a. The British No. 18 primer for 40-mm ammunition is interchangeable with the German primer, C/12nA. In addition, other calibers of German ammunition, such as German 105-mm howitzer ammunition, have the German C/12nA primer as a component of the cartridge case.

68. TROPICAL AMMUNITION.

a. Ammunition for use in the tropics is marked in red lettering, as follows: "P.T. +25°C." This marking appears on the side of cartridge cases. Shell for use in the tropics may be marked "Tp."

b. Containers for tropical ammunition have the following marked in red on white labels:

c. Tropical ammunition has reduced weight of propellant and gives normal range table performance at +25 C (77 F). Where tropical ammunition has not been issued or manufactured, special range tables are provided for use in the tropics with standard ammunition. The temperature taken as normal for standard ammunition is 10 C (50 F).

69. PRECAUTIONS IN HANDLING CAPTURED AMMUNITION.

a. All captured ammunition should be examined by qualified personnel as soon as practicable. Loose ammunition may be dangerous and is rarely worth the trouble of collection.

b. Ammunition may be dangerous because of:

(1) Deliberate "booby traps" laid by the enemy.

(2) Having been subject to fire or shelling.

(3) Removal of safety devices from fuzes, etc. (either deliberate or accidental).

(4) Exposure rendering explosive elements unreliable.

c. Ammunition known or suspected of being dangerous will not be moved or touched, but destroyed in accordance with directions in TM 9-1900.

d. Destroyed ammunition should be salvaged for brass parts. In addition, all enemy airtight containers should be returned to the base. This also applies to timber and to wooden boxes suitable for use as dunnage or for remaking ammunition boxes.

e. Ammunition should be recovered by complete rounds; for example, unfuzed shell are useless without the appropriate fuzes.

f. Personnel handling captured ammunition should keep in mind the fact that although two types of ammunition appear to have identical measurements, they are not necessarily interchangeable. Experiments to ascertain interchangeability are forbidden except by special authority.

g. No unauthorized modifications or experimentation will be carried out on any ammunition.

70. CARE, HANDLING, AND PRESERVATION.

a. In addition to the precautions and care in handling U.S. ammunition as given in TM 9-1900, the following apply particularly to German 88-mm ammunition.

(1) The fuze A.Z. 23/28 is particularly sensitive; hence, it is important that the path of flight before the muzzle be free of all obstructions, including small branches and leaves. Otherwise, premature burst may occur.

(2) Components of ammunition prepared for firing but not fired will be returned to their original condition and packing.

(3) Projectiles with impact fuzes (A.Z. fuzes) whose top or forward closing disk has been so damaged that the firing pin is pressed down or has fallen out, will not be fired. They are, however, safe to transport.

(4) Projectiles with time fuzes (Zt. Z. fuzes) may not be fired when the rotatable closing cap of the fuze is bent, dented, or damaged, or cannot be turned by the fuze setter. However, they are safe to transport.

(5) Rounds which have fallen and have not been damaged may be fired.

(6) After each round is fired, it is necessary to examine the bore of the weapon to determine whether any foreign matter remains in the bore. All particles or obstructions should be removed to prevent jamming of the weapon upon firing the next round.

(7) The primer must be hit dead center or it may not function.

71. FIELD REPORT OF ACCIDENTS.

a. When an accident involving the use of ammunition occurs during training practice, the procedure prescribed in section VII, AR 750-10, will be observed by the ordnance officer under whose supervision the ammunition is maintained or issued. Where practicable, reports covering malfunctions of ammunition in combat will be made to the Chief of Ordnance, giving the type of malfunction, type of ammunition, the lot number of the complete rounds or separate loading components, and condition under which fired.

72. GERMAN ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMINOLOGY OF AMMUNITION ITEMS.

a. General. The following abbreviations, symbols, and terms may be found on labels or in communications and literature pertaining to the ammunition items described herein. Certain general terms are also included.

b. Abbreviations.

TABLE V. GERMAN AMMUNITION ABBREVIATIONS

	A.Z.	Aufschlagzünder	percussion fuze
	A.Z. m. V.	Aufschlagzünder mit versögerung	percussion fuze with delay action
	Bd. Z.	Bodenzünder	base percussion fuze
	Bl.	Blindgänger	dud
	Bl. P.	Blättchenpulver	flaked gunpowder
	Bz.	Brennzünder	time fuze (powder train type)
	Digl. Dgl.	Diglycol	diglycol
	Dopp.Z. D.Z.	Doppelzünder	combination fuze
	Ex. Mun.	Exerziermunition	dummy ammunition; blank ammunition
	f	Für	for
	Flak.	Flugabwehrkanone	antiaircraft gun
	Flb.	Flugbahn	trajectory
	Fp.	Füllpulver	high explosive
	Gesch	Geschoss	projectile; shell
	G. Gr.	Gasgranate	gas shell
	Gr.	Granate	shell
	Grf.	Granatfüllung	bursting charge of shell
	Gr. m. p.	Granate mit Panzerkopf	armor-piercing shell
	Gr.Z. G.Z.	Granatzünder	shell fuze
	H	Hexagen	cyclonite, R.D.X.
	Kl.	Klein	small
	Kp	Krupp	Krupp
	Kz.	Kopfzünder	point-detonating fuze
	Ldg. L.	Ladung	charge; propelling charge; load
	Lggr.	Langgranate	long shell
	Lv.	Ladungsverhältnis	ratio of charge to weight of projectile
	m.	mit	with
	Mun.	Munition	ammunition
	m.v.	mit versögerung	with delay (fuzes)
	Nb.	Nebel	smoke
	Nbgr.	Nebelgranate	smoke shell
	Ngl. Nigl.	Nitroglyzerin	nitroglycerin
	Np.	Nitropenta	P.E.T.N.; penthrite
	Nr.	Nummer	number
	o.	ohne	without
	o.v.	ohne versögerung	without delay (superquick)
	Pak.	Panzerabwehrkanone	antitank gun
	P. K.	Pulverkasten	ammunition box
	P. S. Gr.	Panzerstahlgranate	steel armor-piercing shell
	P. T.	Pulvertemperatur	ammunition temperature
	Pzgr. Pz. Gr.	Panzergranate	armor-piercing shell
	Pz. Spr. Gr.	Panzersprenggranate	high-explosive armor-piercing shell
	Sch. Tf.	Schusstafel	firing table
	Sch. Z. Schr.	Schlagzündschraube	threaded base percussion fuze
	Sonderkart	Sonderkartusche	special charge
	Sprgr. Spr. Gr.	Sprenggranate	high-explosive shell
	St.	Stahl	steel
	Tp.	Tropen	Tropics
	Ub.	Ubung	practice
	Ubgr. Ub. Gr.	Ubungsgranate	practice shell
	v.	versögerung	delay (fuzes)
	Z.	Zünder	fuze
	Zdschr.	Zündschraube	threaded percussion primer
	Zt. Z. ZZ.	Zeitzünder	time fuze

c. Glossary.

TABLE VI. GERMAN AMMUNITION TERMS

Aufschlagzünder (A.Z.)		percussion fuze
Aufschlagzünder mit versögerung		percussion fuze with delay action
Blättchenpulver (Bl.P.)		flaked gunpowder
Bleidraht		lead wire
Blindgänger (Bl.)		dud
Bodenzünder (Bd. Z.)		base percussion fuze
Brennzünder (Bz.)		time fuze (powder train type)
Brisanz		high-explosive
Brisanzgeschoss		high-explosive shell
Brisanzmunition		high-explosive ammunition
Diglycol (Digl.; Dgl.)		diglycol
Doppelzünder (Dopp. Z.; D.Z.)		combination fuze
Exerziermunition (Ex. Mun.)		dummy ammunition; blank ammunition
Flugabwehrkanone (Flak)		antiaircraft gun
Flugbahn (Flb.)		trajectory
Füllpulver (Fp)		high explosive
Für (f)		for
Gasgranate (G. G.)		gas shell
Geschoss (Gesch.)		projectile; shell
Gewichtsklasse		weight class shell
Granate (Gr.)		shell
Granate mit Panzerkopf (Gr. m. P.)		armor-piercing shell
Granatfüllung (Grf.)		bursting charge of shell
Granatzünder (Gr. Z.; G. Z.)		shell fuze
Haube		ballistic cap
Hauptladung		propellant (lit; main charge)
Hexagen (H.)		cyclonite, R.D.X.
Holzkasten		wooden box
Hülse		cartridge case
Hülsenbezeichnung		cartridge case designation (number)
Kartusche		cartridge case
Kartuschhülse		cartridge case
Kartuschkorb		ammunition basket
Kartuschvorlage		cartridge case wad; flash reducer
Kennbuchstabe		identification mark
Klein (Kl.)		small
Kopfzünder (Kz.)		point-detonating fuze
Ladung (Ldg.; L.)		charge; propelling charge; load
Ladungsverhältnis (Lv.)		ratio of charge to weight of projectile
Langgranate (lggr.)		long shell
Lieferungsnummer		delivery number
mit (m.)		with
mit versögerung (m.v.)		with delay (fuzes)
Munition (Mun.)		ammunition
Nebel (Nb.)		smoke
Nebelgranate (Nbgr.)		smoke shell
Nebelgeschoss		smoke shell
Nitroglyzerin (Nigl.; Ngl.)		nitroglycerin
Nitropenta (Np.)		P.E.T.N.; penthrite
Nummer (Nr.)		number
ohne (o.)		without
ohne versögerung (o.v.)		without (superquick)
Panzerabwehrkanone (Pak.)		antitank gun
Panzergranate (Pzgr.; Pz. Gr.)		armor-piercing shell
Panzersprenggranate (Pz. Spr. Gr.)		high explosive armor-piercing shell
Panzerstahlgranate (P. S. Gr.)		steel armor-piercing shell
Pulver		powder
Pulverkasten (P.KK.)		ammunition box
Pulverladung		powder charge
Pulvertemperatur (P. T.)		powder temperature
rauchloses Pulver		smokeless powder
rauch-schwaches Pulver		smokeless powder
rohrsicherer Zünder		bore-safe fuze
Schusstafel (Sch. Tf.)		firing table
Schlagzündschraube (Schl. Z. Schr.)		threaded base percussion fuze
Sonderkartusche (Sonderkart.)		special charge
Sprenggranate (Sprgr.; Spr. Gr.)		high-explosive shell
Stahl (St.)		steel
Stellschlüssel		setting key (fuzes); hand fuze setter; adjusting wrench
Tropen (Tp.)		Tropics
Ubung (Ub.)		practice
Ubungranate (Ubgr.; Ub. Gr.)		practice shell
Versögerung (V.)		delay
Vorlage		flash hider
Zünderstellung		fuze setting
Zünderschlüssel		hand fuze setter
Zünderstellmaschine		fuze setter
Zünderstellschlüssel		hand fuze setter
Zündschraube		threaded percussion primer
Zeitzünder (Zt. Z.; ZZ.)		time fuze

d. Index Numbers on German Shell Indicating Type of High-explosive Filler.

TABLE VII. NUMBERS ON GERMAN SHELL INDICATING TYPE OF H.E. FILLER

No. on Shell		Type of Filler
1		Fp 02 (TNT) in paper or cardboard container
2		Grf 88 (picric acid) in paper or cardboard container
10		Fp 02 plus Fp 5 plus Fp 10 (TNT fillers) in paper or cardboard container
13		Fp 40/60 (40-60 amatol, poured)
14		Fp 02 (TNT), poured
32		Np 10 (P.E.T.N. filler) in paraffin-waxed paper wrapping
36/38		Np 40 plus Np 60 (P.E.T.N. fillers) in paraffin-waxed paper wrapping
91		H 5 (Cyclonite; R.D.X.) in paraffin-waxed paper wrapping

e. German Explosives, Abbreviations.

TABLE VIII. GERMAN EXPLOSIVES, ABBREVIATIONS

Abbreviation		German Nomenclature		English Equivalent
Fp 02		Füllpulver 02		TNT
Fp 5		Füllpulver 5		TNT with 5 percent montan wax
Fp 10		Füllpulver 10		TNT with 10 percent montan wax
Fp 40/60		Füllpulver 40/60		40-60 amatol, poured
G of 88		Granatfülling 88		picric acid
H		Hexagen		cyclonite, R.D.X.
H5		Hexagen 5		cyclonite with 5 percent montan wax
Np		Nitropenta		P.E.T.N.; penthrite
Np 10		Nitropenta 10		P.E.T.N. with 10 percent montan wax
Np 40		Nitropenta 40		P.E.T.N. with 40 percent montan wax
Np 65		Nitropenta 65		P.E.T.N. with 65 percent montan wax